Pap smear

Pap smear

In the case of a pap smear, the doctor removes cells from the cervix with a brush or spatula. The smear shows whether there are indications for (a pre-stage of) cervical cancer.

The pathologist examines the cells under the microscope. If abnormal cells are seen in the pap smear, a new pap smear is done or further investigation takes place: a colposcopy.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Pap Smear

What is a Pap smear and how is it performed?

A Pap smear is a simple test in which the doctor gently collects a small sample of cells from the cervix using a soft brush or spatula. These cells are then examined in a laboratory to detect any abnormalities at an early stage. During the procedure, you lie on the examination couch with your knees bent. The doctor carefully inserts a speculum into the vagina to make the cervix visible. The sample is taken within a few minutes and is generally well tolerated.

Does a Pap smear hurt?

Most women do not find a Pap smear painful. However, it may feel slightly uncomfortable when the speculum is inserted or when the cells are collected. You can always let the doctor know if you feel tense or uncomfortable so that adjustments can be made to keep you at ease.

Can the uterus be damaged by a Pap smear?

No, the instrument used during the Pap smear does not go beyond the vagina and cervix. The uterus itself is not touched or damaged during the procedure.

Do I need to prepare for a Pap smear?

No special preparation is required. It is best to avoid using vaginal creams, tampons, or having sexual intercourse within 24 hours before your appointment. This helps ensure that the sample is clear and accurate.

Can a Pap smear be done during menstruation?

It is best not to have a Pap smear during your period, as blood can make it more difficult to analyse the sample. If this happens, the appointment can easily be rescheduled to a few days after your period.  

What do the results of a Pap smear mean?

Results can vary. In most cases, the cells appear normal and no further testing is needed. Sometimes, mild cell changes are found that may resolve on their own. In that case, your doctor might recommend a repeat Pap smear after a few months. If more significant changes are found, further examination, for example, a colposcopy, may be advised. The doctor will always discuss your results and explain any next steps.

How often should I have a Pap smear?

The recommended frequency depends on your age, medical history, and previous results. In the Netherlands, women aged 30 and older are invited for a national screening every five years. Your doctor may advise more frequent testing if there is a medical reason to do so.